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→ Anemia
→ Fecal Incontinence
→ Blood Clots
→ Infection of tissues
→ Strangulation/gangrene (In severe cases)
→ Abscess formation (In severe cases)
→ Tissue death (In severe cases)
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Poor Circulation
High Blood Sugar (hyperglycemia)
Nerve damage
Hypertension
Venous insufficiency
Swelling, discoloration, and warmth around the wound.
Foul-smelling discharge seeping from the wound
Pain and firmness when the wound is touched
Callused or thickened skin surrounding the ulcer
Fever and chills in advanced stages of foot ulcers
Diagnosis
To diagnose the seriousness of the diabetic foot ulcer, your doctor may conduct a series of examinations. The doctor may want to know about your medical history and will conduct a physical examination to look for scratches, cuts and blisters. The doctor may feel your pulse to evaluate the blood flow to your feet. In addition to the physical exam, your doctor may also recommend X-rays to look for any misalignments in the feet due to decreased bone mass. MRI scans may also be conducted to get an idea about the extent of damage caused by the ulcer and if signs of any infection are seen, blood tests may be recommended.
Treatment
Debridement
Debridement is a procedure to treat wounds in the skin. In this procedure, a sharp tool or a scalpel is used to remove the dead tissue or infected skin tissues from the ulcerated foot. After the procedure, the wound is covered with a sterile bandage and the bandage is replaced daily. Ointments can also be used to hasten the healing process.
Infection Control
Foot ulcers are prone to infections. For infection prevention and control, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics like cephalexin, amoxicillin, moxifloxacin or clindamycin. These work against bacteria like staphylococcus aureus, β-hemolytic streptococci, Enterobacteriaceae, etc which are likely to cause infections in the ulcers.
Vascular Surgeries
Since one of the major causes of diabetic foot ulcers is narrowing of arteries and poor blood circulation, surgery may be required to increase the flow of blood.
Atherectomy is the surgical procedure used for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers caused due to peripheral artery disease. In this procedure, plaque consisting of fat, cholesterol and calcium is removed from the artery, thereby making the artery wider. Wider arteries have better blood circulation. The plaque is removed by shaving or vaporizing using small rotating blades at the end of a catheter or by using laser energy.
The procedure is performed under the influence of general or regional anesthesia, depending upon your medical history. Sometimes, after atherectomy, balloon angioplasty may be performed. In Balloon Angioplasty, a stent is inserted into the blood vessel to keep it open.
If you have advanced blockage in the artery, gangrene, or open sores in the foot, your doctor may perform leg bypass instead of balloon angioplasty. Leg bypass allows the creation of a new route so that the blood can travel around the blocked artery and proper blood flow to the foot can be maintained.
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Post Surgery Care
We offer free follow-up consultations and instructions including dietary tips as well as exercises to every patient to ensure they have a smooth recovery to their daily routines.
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What are the different stages of a diabetic foot ulcer?
Stage 0: Skin remains intact Stage 1: Development of a minor or superficial ulcer Stage 2: Deep ulcer reaching up to the bone or joint Stage 3: Formation of an abscess in the ulcer Stage 4: Death of tissues in the forefoot Stage 5: Gangrene spreading to the complete footRead More
Is diabetic foot ulcer life-threatening?
No, a diabetic foot ulcer alone is not life-threatening. But, if the ulcer is left untreated for a long time, it can cause serious health complications including:- Infection – If the ulcer is left untreated, there is a possibility of bacteria spreading to the rest of the body parts. If the ulcer remains unattended, there’s a risk of the ulcer getting infected. When the ulcer turns into an infection, the bacteria may get into the bloodstream and cause sepsis, which is a life-threatening condition. In rare conditions, the bacteria bay even cause infection in the bones.
- Ischemia – A peripheral artery disease can hinder blood flow and lead to the death of the tissue. If the condition of tissue death (gangrene) is left untreated, it can lead to irreversible conditions including death.
How can you prevent diabetic foot ulcers?
According to a review published in the New England Journal of Medicine, more than half of the cases of diabetic foot ulcers become infected. And hence, taking good care of the condition is crucial for overall health. To prevent diabetic foot ulcer or any other infection on your foot,- Keep your feet clean and moisturised
- Check your blood sugar level
- Do not wear the same socks every day
- Wear comfortable shoes
What are the risk factors of diabtic foot ulcer?
If you have diabetes, you are at risk of developing a diabetic foot ulcer. Other than this, the following factors may increase your risk of developing diabetic foot ulcer:- alcohol abuse
- heart disease
- obesity
- poor feet hygiene
- wearing poorly fit or poor quality shoes
- kidney disease
- tobacco consumption
What is the surgical treatment for diabetic foot ulcer?
The most widely performed vascular surgery for the purpose is atherectomy followed by balloon angioplasty. Atherectomy is a surgical procedure that is performed to make the arteries wider. Widening of the arteries facilitates the proper supply of blood, oxygen and nutrients to the wound so that optimal healing can be achieved. In Atherectomy, the doctor uses laser energy or a rotating blade to remove the plaque, calcium and fat layers from the artery. This makes the artery wider and improves blood circulation. Many a time, Atherectomy is followed by another procedure called balloon angioplasty. In Balloon Angioplasty, the doctor inserts a stent in the artery to hold it open. This ensures continuous and proper flow of blood through the artery.What are the best home remedies for diabetic foot ulcers?
- Flaxseed oil – Flaxseeds are enriched with omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fats contain healthy fats that majorly help in repairing blood vessels. Flaxseed oil also keeps arteries flexible and functional. Keeping the vascular system is very necessary for the fast healing of foot ulcers. Therefore, flaxseeds are an amazing remedy to get relief from diabetic foot ulcers.
- Psyllium – Psyllium maintains the insulin and sugar levels in the body. This is a highly recommended herb for patients of diabetes, especially those who suffer from diabetic foot ulcers.
- Aloe Vera – Aloe vera is rich in anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. These properties make aloe vera a strong remedy for diabetic foot ulcers. You can apply aloe vera gel on diabetic foot ulcer to get fast soothing results. You can also have a glass of aloe vera juice every day to boost your immunity and promote the healing of the foot ulcer.
- Honey – Honey is certainly a very popular remedy for the condition of diabetic foot ulcers. It has antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. These properties of honey readily help in protecting the wound against any infection.
- Coffee – Coffee stimulates the central nervous system and boosts blood circulation. Thus, coffee acts as a remedy in improving the blood flow and the immune response in the condition of diabetic foot.
- American Ginseng – Ginseng helps in improving diabetic foot infection. It also prevents the infection from attacking the body. So, ginseng supplements are very effective in curing diabetic foot ulcers.
All humans deserve equal treatment but everyone cannot afford costly treatments at multispeciality or super-specialty hospitals.
In India, many people don’t even have mediclaim to deal with medical emergencies. Also, there is a lack of experienced professionals to consult for a second opinion in case of surgery. Surgicare & ICU is built keeping in view the above points. It offers surgery and post-surgery critical care.
Surgicare & ICU Hospital is well equipped for all kinds of surgeries and offers one of the best ICU teams of Vadodara to take care of critical patients. It offers help to all those patients who do not have mediclaim but need treatments. Surgicare & ICU offers the opportunity for second opinions.