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Why pap smear?
→ Screening for cervical cancer
→ Tests presence of human papillomavirus (HPV)
Pap Smear Test Procedure
With the woman lying on her back, the gynecologist will first examine the outside of the female’s genital and rectal areas, including the urethra (the opening from where urine leaves the body), to make sure that they look normal. A speculum (an instrument which allows the gynecologist to see and examine the vagina and the cervix) is then inserted into the vagina, which passes through the vaginal area (the birth canal). The gynecologist would then use a small brush or swab and insert it into the opening of the cervix to collect a sample of cells. The sample is then sent to the laboratory for further evaluation.
A Pap smear test results will say one of the following things –
- The result is normal- “Normal” pap smear result means that the cells collected from the female’s cervix look normal like they should and the female does not have to do anything until her next Pap test. No cancerous cells or HPV strains are found if the pap smear test result is normal.
- The result is unclear- “Unclear” pap smear test result indicated that the gynecologist does not know whether the sample cells collected from the female’s cervix are normal or abnormal. If the results of a pap test are unclear, the gynecologist may do more tests right away to rule out any complications or problems. If things seem okay, the gynecologist may have the female come back in 6 months or so for another pap test.
- The result is abnormal- “Abnormal” pap smear test result means that the cells collected from the female’s cervix during the Pap test look abnormal. Abnormal Pap test results do not necessarily mean that the female has cancer. If the results of a pap test are abnormal, the gynecologist will do more tests right away to figure out what should happen next. In such when the results seem less serious, the gynecologist may do another pap test right away or wait 6 months or 1 year before doing another pap smear test. If the pap test finds more serious changes in the cells of the cervix, the gynecologist will do more tests, like a colposcopy and biopsy.
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Are there any risks of having a pap smear?
There are absolutely no medical risks associated with pap smear tests. Medical experts have found no risk or long term side effects associated with pap tests. However, there may be various medical risks from not having a pap smear. A female may experience a small amount of spotting or light vaginal bleeding for a few days immediately after a pap smear, which is normal and is likely to resolve in a few days. This generally happens as the cervix may get irritated and is nothing to worry about. Pap smears tests may be uncomfortable. However, pap tests are an important measure to ensure the health of females of all ages. A female above the age of 21 should get regular pap smear tests, as suggested by the gynecologist.
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What do the results of a Pap smear test mean?
A Pap smear test results will say one of the following things –
- The result is normal- “Normal” pap smear result means that the cells collected from the female’s cervix look normal like they should and the female does not have to do anything until her next pap test. No cancerous cells or HPV strains are found if the pap smear test result is normal.
- The result is unclear- An “unclear” pap smear test result indicated that the gynecologist does not know whether the sample cells collected from the female’s cervix are normal or abnormal. If the results of a pap test are unclear, the gynecologist may do more tests right away to rule out any complications or problems. If things seem okay, the gynecologist may have the female come back in 6 months or so for another pap test.
- The result is abnormal- “Abnormal” pap smear test result means that the cells collected from the female’s cervix during the pap test look abnormal. Abnormal pap test results do not necessarily mean that the female has cancer. If the results of a pap test are abnormal, the gynecologist will do more tests right away to figure out what should be done next. If the pap test finds more serious changes in the cells of the cervix, the gynecologist will do more tests, like a colposcopy and biopsy.
Does a pap smear hurt?
No, pap smear tests do not hurt. However, you might feel a prickly sensation in your body because an external element would be slid inside the body. The feeling is similar to that of a pinch, but since every person has a different pain endurance, the experience could be different for each. If the pain and discomfort get more than what you can endure, inform your gynecologist. Here are a few things that you can do to ease out the pain:
- Relax your shoulders
- Breathe slowly and deeply
- Relax your stomach muscles
- Loosen the muscles between your legs
- Follow your doctor’s instructions
Is pelvic exam and pap smear the same?
A pelvic exam and a pap smear are not the same and are two different things.
In a pelvic exam, the gynecologist examines the reproductive organs in the female body – the uterus, ovaries, cervix, vulva etc. The gynecologist in this exam usually inspects the vaginal area to check for anything abnormal and unusual such as redness and itching in the vagina, vaginal dryness or abnormal vaginal discharge. Additionally, the pelvic exam also helps check any swelling and soreness in the vagina and the presence of any cysts.
On the other hand, a pap smear is a procedure of cervical screening. It is done to detect the presence of potentially harmful cancerous tissues in the cervix. In case of any abnormal findings, the female has to follow up with diagnostic procedures and if required, should take up other treatments and medical interventions to prevent the spread of cervical cancer.
How often should a female get a pap smear?
As per the recommendation of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists –
- Females between the age group of 21-29 years should have a pap smear once every three years.
- Females between the age group of 30-65 years should have a pap smear and a test for HPV once every 5 years.
But, there are nor are no restrictions and you can have a pap smear more often if you want to.
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